Study of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the 13-pneumococcal conjugated vaccine era

Autores de IIS La Fe

• Marta Garrido Jareño

  Autor

• Ana Gil Brusola

  Autor

• José Luis López Hontangas

  Autor

• Eulogio Valentín Gómez

  Autor

Participantes ajenos a IIS La Fe

• Roig-Sena, FJ
• Pérez-Pérez, E
• Pineda-Lucena, A
• Pemán, J

Grupos

• Infección Grave

Abstract

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant concern among children under 5, despite vaccination efforts. This study assessed IPD prevalence and associated risks in pediatric population. Methods: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, of IPD cases in children under 13 from January 2012 to September 2022. Data from the CV Microbiology Surveillance Network (RedMIVA) and medical records were reviewed. Results: A total of 379 IPD cases in 377 patients were analyzed, predominantly males (54.11 %) under 5 (81.17 %). PCV13 vaccination notably reduced PCV13-serotypes IPD (p=0.0002), except serotype 3. Pneumonia was common, with half having underlying conditions (50.40 %). Worse outcomes occurred in patients with neurological disorders (ANOVA, p=0.57). Vaccine failures often involved underlying conditions (63 %) and serotypes 3 and 19A. Immunodeficiencies may relate to recurrent IPD, but evidence is limited. Conclusion: Despite vaccination, IPD still impacts children, influenced by immunological status, affecting severity and mortality.

Keywords

• PCV13; Invasive pneumococcal disease; children; risk factors; vaccine failures