Association of Complement Factors With Disability Progression in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Fecha de publicación: 01/07/2024 Fecha Ahead of Print: 21/06/2024

Autores de IIS La Fe

Francisco Carlos Pérez Miralles

Autor

Participantes ajenos a IIS La Fe

Lunemann JD
Hegen H
Villar LM
Rejdak K
Sao-Aviles A
Carbonell-Mirabent P
Sastre-Garriga J
Mongay-Ochoa N
Berek K
Martínez-Yélamos S
Abdelhak A
Bachhuber F
Tumani H
Lycke JN
Rosenstein I
Alvarez-Lafuente R
Castillo-Trivino T
Otaegui D
Llufriu S
Blanco Y
Sánchez López AJ
Garcia Merino JA
Fissolo N
Gutierrez L
Villacieros-Álvarez J
Monreal E
Valls-Carbó A
Wiendl H
Montalban X
Comabella M

Grupos

Investigación en Neuroinmunología y Esclerosis Múltiple

Leader

Bonaventura Casanova Estruch

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The complement system is known to play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. However, its contribution to disease progression remains elusive. The study investigated the role of the complement system in disability progression of patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS). METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with PPMS from 12 European MS centers were included in the study. Serum and CSF levels of a panel of complement components (CCs) were measured by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at a baseline time point (i.e., sampling). Mean (SD) follow-up time from baseline was 9.6 (4.8) years. Only one patient (1.5%) was treated during follow-up. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, and albumin quotient were performed to assess the association between baseline CC levels and disability progression in short term (2 years), medium term (6 years), and long term (at the time of the last follow-up). RESULTS: In short term, CC played little or no role in disability progression. In medium term, an elevated serum C3a/C3 ratio was associated with a higher risk of disability progression (adjusted OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.17-6.03; p = 0.040). By contrast, increased CSF C1q levels were associated with a trend toward reduced risk of disability progression (adjusted OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.17-0.98; p = 0.054). Similarly, in long term, an elevated serum C3a/C3 ratio was associated with higher risk of disability progression (adjusted OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.09-3.40; p = 0.037), and increased CSF C1q levels predicted lower disability progression (adjusted OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.17-0.86; p = 0.025). DISCUSSION: Proteins involved in the activation of early complement cascades play a role in disability progression as risk (elevated serum C3a/C3 ratio) or protective (elevated CSF C1q) factors after 6 or more years of follow-up in patients with PPMS. The protective effects associated with C1q levels in CSF may be related to its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.

Datos de la publicación

ISSN/ISSNe:: 2332-7812, 2332-7812
Tipo:: Article
Páginas:: -
DOI:: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200270
Factor de Impacto:: 2,453 SCImago ℠
Cuartil:: Q1 SCImago ℠

Documentos

No hay documentos

Métricas

Filiaciones

Lunemann JD:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Hegen H:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Villar LM:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Rejdak K:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Sao-Aviles A:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Carbonell-Mirabent P:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Sastre-Garriga J:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Mongay-Ochoa N:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Berek K:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Martínez-Yélamos S:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Pérez-Miralles F:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Abdelhak A:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Bachhuber F:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Tumani H:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Lycke JN:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Rosenstein I:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Alvarez-Lafuente R:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Castillo-Trivino T:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Otaegui D:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Llufriu S:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Blanco Y:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Sánchez López AJ:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Garcia Merino JA:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Fissolo N:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Gutierrez L:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Villacieros-Álvarez J:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Monreal E:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Valls-Carbó A:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Wiendl H:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Montalban X:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain
Comabella M:: Department of Neurology (H.H., K.B.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria

Department of Neurology (K.R.), Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Neuroimmunology Unit (F.P.-M.), València University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Spain

Department of Neurology (A.A., F.B., H.T.), Ulm University, Germany

Department of Clinical Neuroscience (J.N.L., I.R.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden

Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) - ISCIII (T.C.-T., D.O., N.F., X.M., M.C.), Madrid, Spain

Biobank (A.J.S.L.), Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain

and Fundación INCE (Iniciativa para las Neurociencias) (A.V.-C.), Madrid, Spain